Urdu Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Urdu grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Urdu and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Urdu and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Urdu.

Prepositions - Urdu
and اور
above اوپر
under کے نیچے
before پہلے
after کے بعد
in front of کے سامنے
behind پیچھے
far from کافی دور
near کے قریب
in میں
inside اندر
outside باہر
with کے ساتھ
without کے بغیر
about سے متعلق
between کے درمیان
but مگر، لیکن
for بابت، برائے
from سے
to کو

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules - Urdu
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] میں چھری کے بغیر کھاتا ہوں
she lives near the church [verb + preposition] وہ چرچ کے قریب رہتی ہے
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] وہ اس سے بھی زیادہ طویل ہے
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] انہوں نے اپنے چھوٹے کتے کے ساتھ آئے تھے
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] تم میرے ساتھ آ سکتے ہیں؟

Negation in Urdu

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules - Urdu
I understand you [affirmative form] میں تمہاری بات سمجھ رہا ہوں
I don't understand you [negation + verb] مجھے آپ کی بات سمجھ نہیں آ رہی ہے
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] یہ درست لفظ نہیں ہے
don't leave me [imperative negation] مجھے چھوڑ کر مت جاو
no problem [negation + noun] کوئی مسئلہ نہیں

Negative Sentences - Urdu
I don't speak French [negation + present tense] میں فرانسیسی نہیں بولتا.
she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] اس نے جرمنی کا دورہ نہیں کیا
he cannot see us [negative modal verb] وہ ہمیں نہیں دیکھ سکتا
can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] کیا وہ شطرنج نہیں کھیل سکتی ہے؟
we will not come late [negation + future tense] ہم دیر سے نہیں آینگے

Questions in Urdu

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English - Urdu
how? کس طرح؟
what? کیا؟
who? کون؟
why? کیوں؟
where? کہاں ؟

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules - Urdu
where do you live? [interrogative + verb] تم کہاں رہتے ہو؟
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] کیا وہ چینی بولتی ہے؟
how much is this? [interrogative preposition] یہ کتنے کا ہے؟
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] کیا میں آپ کی مدد کر سکتا ہوں؟
what is your name? [interrogative preposition] تمہارا نام کیا ہے؟

Adverbs in Urdu

It's time to learn the adverbs in Urdu. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs - Urdu
now ابھی
yesterday کل(گزرا ہوا)
today آج
tonight آج رات
tomorrow کل(آنے والا)
soon عنقریب
quickly تیزی سے
slowly آہستگی سے
together اکھٹے
very زیادہ
almost تقریباً
always ہمیشہ
usually عموماً
sometimes کبھی کبھی
rarely شاز و نادر
never کبھی نہیں

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules - Urdu
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] کیا تم مجھے اب سمجھ رہے ہو؟
I need help immediately [noun + adverb] مجھے فورا" مدد کی ضرورت ہے
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] وہ بہت سمجھدار ہے
I will always love you [verb + adverb] میں تم سے ہمیشہ محبت کروں گا
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] کیا ہم ایک ساتھ جرمن زبان سیکھ سکتے ہیں؟

Pronouns in Urdu

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Urdu. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns - Urdu
I میں
you تو، تم، آپ
he وہ(مرد)
she وہ(عورت)
we ہم
they وہ(جمع)

Object Pronouns - Urdu
me مجھے
you تو، تم، آپ
him ان کو (مرد کے لیے)
her ان کو (عورت کے لیے)
us ہمیں
them انیں

Possessive Pronouns - Urdu
my میرا
your تیرا، تمہارا، آپ کا
his ان کا
her ان کی
our ہمارا
their ان کا (جمع)

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns - Urdu
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] میں تمہارا دوست ہوں
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] آپ بہت تیز بولتے ہیں
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] اس کے پاس تین کتے ہیں
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] وہ جرمن زبان میں بات کر سکتی ہے
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] ہم دیر سے نہیں آئنگے
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] انھونوں نے دودھ اور ڈبل روٹی خریدی

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns - Urdu
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] آپ مجھے اپنا نام بتا سکتے ہیں؟
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] میں آپ کو پیسے دونگا
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] اس نے اسے ایک خط لکھا تھا
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] وہ کل اس کے پاس گیے
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] کیا وہ ہماری مدد کر سکتی ہے؟
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] اس نے انہیں کھانا دیا

Possessive Pronouns - Urdu
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] میرا نام مایا ہے
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] آپ کا بھائی یہاں رہتا ہے
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] اس کی ماں ہمارے لئے کھانا پکاتی ہے
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] کتابیں پڑھنا اس کا شوق ہے
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] ہمارا خواب پیرس کا دورہ کرنا ہے
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] ان کا گھر دور نہیں ہے

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns - Urdu
this is my house یہ میرا گھر ہے
that restaurant is far یہ ریستوران دور ہے
these apples are delicious یہ سیب مزیدار ہیں
those stars are shiny وہ ستارے چمکدار ہیں

I hope you learned a lot about the Urdu grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!