Welcome to the 8th lesson about Sindhi grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.
We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Sindhi and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Sindhi and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Sindhi.
| Prepositions - Sindhi |
|---|
| and ۽ |
| above مٿان |
| under هيٺان |
| before پهرين |
| after پوءِ |
| in front of جي سامهون |
| behind پٺيان |
| far from ڏورانهون |
| near ويجهو |
| in ۾ |
| inside اندر |
| outside ٻاهر |
| with سان |
| without کانسواءِ |
| about جي باري ۾ |
| between وچ۾ |
| but پر |
| for لاءِ |
| from پاران |
| to ڏانهن |
The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Prepositions + Rules - Sindhi |
|---|
| I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] مان ڇُري کانسواءِ کائيندو آهيان |
| she lives near the church [verb + preposition] هو گرجا جي ڀرسان رهندي آهي |
| he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] هو هُن (ڇوڪريِ) کان وڌيڪ ڊگھو آهي |
| he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] هو پاڻ سان گڏ ننڍڙو ڪتو کڻي آيو |
| can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] ڇا توهان مونسان گڏ اچي سگھو ٿا؟ |
Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Negation + Rules - Sindhi |
|---|
| I understand you [affirmative form] مان توهانجي ڳالھ سمجهان پيو |
| I don't understand you [negation + verb] مونکي توهانجي ڳالھ سمجھ ۾ نٿي اچي |
| this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] هي درست لفظ ناهي |
| don't leave me [imperative negation] مونکي ڇڏي نـ وڃ |
| no problem [negation + noun] ڪا ڳالھ ناهي |
| Negative Sentences - Sindhi |
|---|
| I don't speak French [negation + present tense] مان فرينڄ نٿو ڳالهائي سگھان |
| she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] هن جرمني ڪانـ گھمي ڏٺي |
| he cannot see us [negative modal verb] هو اسانکي ڏسي نٿو سگھي |
| can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] ڇا هو شطرنج نٿي کيڏي سگھي؟ |
| we will not come late [negation + future tense] اسان دير نـ ڪنداسين |
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:
| English - Sindhi |
|---|
| how? ڪيئن؟ |
| what? ڇا؟ |
| who? ڪير؟ |
| why? ڇو؟ |
| where? ڪٿي؟ |
More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:
| Questions + Rules - Sindhi |
|---|
| where do you live? [interrogative + verb] توهان ڪٿي رهندا آهيو؟ |
| does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] ڇا هو چيني ڳالهائي سگھي ٿي؟ |
| how much is this? [interrogative preposition] هي ڪيترو لهي؟ |
| can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] مان توهان جي مدد ڪريان؟ |
| what is your name? [interrogative preposition] توهان جو نالو ڇا آهي؟ |
It's time to learn the adverbs in Sindhi. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Adverbs - Sindhi |
|---|
| now هاڻي |
| yesterday ڪالھ |
| today اڄ |
| tonight اڄ رات |
| tomorrow سڀاڻي |
| soon ستت ئي |
| quickly تڪڙو |
| slowly آهستي آهستي |
| together گڏوگڏ |
| very گھڻو |
| almost تقريبن |
| always سدائين |
| usually عام طور تي |
| sometimes ڪڏهن ڪڏهن |
| rarely ورلي |
| never ڪڏهن بـ نـ |
The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.
| Adverbs + Rules - Sindhi |
|---|
| do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] توهان هاڻ منهنجي ڳالھ سمجهي؟ |
| I need help immediately [noun + adverb] مونکي هڪدم مدد گھرجي |
| she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] هو ڏاڍي سياڻي آهي |
| I will always love you [verb + adverb] مان سدائين توکي چاهيندو رهندس |
| can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] ڇا اسان گڏجي ڪري جرمن سکي سگھون ٿا؟ |
We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Sindhi. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Personal Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| I مان |
| you تون |
| he هوُ |
| she اها |
| we اسان |
| they اهي |
| Object Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| me مان |
| you تون |
| him هنکي |
| her هن جو |
| us اسان |
| them انهن کي |
| Possessive Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| my منهنجو |
| your توهانجو |
| his هن جو |
| her انهي جو |
| our اسانجو |
| their انهن جو |
I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.
| Personal Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] مان توهانجو دوست آهيان |
| you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] توهان ڏاڍاو تڪڙو ڳالهايو ٿا |
| he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] هن وٽ ٽي ڪتا آهن |
| she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] هو جرمن ڳالهائي سگھي ٿي |
| we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] اسان دير نـ ڪنداسين |
| they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] هنن کير ۽ ماني خريد ڪئي |
The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:
| Object Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] ڇا توهان مونکي پنهنجو نالو ٻڌائي سگھو ٿا؟ |
| I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] مان توهانکي پئسا ڏيندس |
| she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] هن کيس هڪ خط لکيو |
| they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] انهن ڪالھ هن وٽان چڪر هنيو |
| can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] ڇا هو اسانجي مدد ڪري سگھي ٿي؟ |
| he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] هن کين کاڌو ڏنو |
| Possessive Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] منهنجو نالو مايا آهي |
| your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] توهانجو ڀاءُ هتي رهندو آهي |
| her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] هن جي ماءُ اسانکي ماني پچائي ڏيندي آهي |
| his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] هن جي وندر ڪتاب پڙهڻ آهي |
| our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] اسانجو خواب پئرس گھمڻ آهي |
| their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] سندن گھر پري ناهي |
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.
| Demonstrative Pronouns - Sindhi |
|---|
| this is my house هي منهنجو گھر آهي |
| that restaurant is far اهو ريسٽورنٽ پري آهي |
| these apples are delicious هي صوف سواد وارا آهن |
| those stars are shiny اهي ستارا چمڪندڙ آهن |
I hope you learned a lot about the Sindhi grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!
Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus |